It remains fresh, even in the age of color photography, and gives artists the opportunity to take on a variety of new challenges and produce one-of-a-kind works of art for the world to enjoy. The essential materials are a B&W negative, chemicals and sensitized paper on which to make a print.Black-and-white photography depicts our world in a unique two-tone perspective.Įxpressed through shading and composition, such images highlight the photographer's message and technique, stimulating the viewer's imagination. It will be expanded over time to include more-advanced techniques and tips for improving your hand-made prints and solutions for problem prints. This section provides the basic procedures for making black-and-white prints from black-and-white negatives photographed on black-and-white film. Some of these are:Ĭhemicals - Developer, stop bath and fixer, and There are several other useful accessories commonly used in hand-producing black-and-white prints. This wall-mounted timer has precise, easy-to-use dials and a large read-out. plastic or wooden clips to attach the prints to the string, and Ī darkroom timer that controls the enlarger isn't essential if you have a clock with a second hand, but is well worth having for its precision and greater assurance of accuracy.tacks or push pins to attach the string to the walls,.a length of string or sturdy cord to hang prints from when drying,.processing trays (at least three, preferably five),.The essential equipment used in black-and-white hand printing generally includes: The light is focused by a lens onto the paper.Ī contact print is a positive image that is the same size as the negative itself, whereas projection printing is usually used to make a larger-than-negative-size print, called an "enlargement." Projection printing is accomplished with an enlarger. Projection printing - in which the negative is at a distance from the paper and light is projected through it.Contact printing - in which the negative and the paper are touching one another - i.e.There are fundamentally two printing methods Each frame is printed in the same size as the negative frame itself. This means it will not be fogged when this specifically-filtered light strikes it for a reasonable time from four feet away or moreĬontact printing, as exemplified by this "contact sheet," occurs when the negative and the paper are in contact with one another. This package of paper recommends that it can be "safely" viewed when exposed under a 902 (light brown) safelight. "Burning," "Burning-in" or "Printing in" refers to providing extra exposure to an area of the print to make it darker, while blocking light from the rest of the print.) (Note: "Dodging" is blocking a portion of the light when printing a photograph so that an area of the print will be made lighter. exposure (including overall exposure of the entire print, and increased or decreased exposure of parts of the print by "dodging" and "burning"), and.paper type (or the type of another printing surface),.The final appearance and the quality of a black-and-white print can be significantly varied during the printing process, dependent on: WHEN MAKING PRINTS, YOU HAVE A GOOD DEAL OF CONTROL OVER THEIR APPEARANCE Such a light is known as a " safelight." The type of safelight to be used with a given print paper is specified in the manufacturer's data sheet supplied with the paper, or may appear right on the paper's package. ( Fogging is unwanted density in a print caused by accidental exposure to non-image forming light.) This permits the paper to be safely viewed under a specific colored light without affecting its emulsion - that is without "fogging" it. Papers used to make black-and-white prints have properties that are similar to the light-sensitivity of film, except they are less sensitive to certain colors of light. Printing takes place in a darkroom, but unlike film processing in a darkroom, the room need not be totally dark. Click on Printing digital images to learn more. ( Other surfaces besides paper can be made light-sensitive so that images can be printed on them, too.)įor digital photographers - Making prints in black-and-white from your digital image files can be done using your computer's printer or done professionally at most photo labs. It is accomplished by directing a controlled amount of light through the negative onto a light-sensitive surface, generally paper that has been coated with a sensitized emulsion. In photography, the term "printing" refers to the making of a positive image from a negative. The negative was printed on photosensitive paper, making the positive "print" seen below. This photograph was taken on black-and-white film which, when processed, produced a negative image (above).
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